Social Science
Electrochemical techniques and sensors for ocean research
Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-697-2009
Abstract
This paper presents a review of applications of electrochemical methods in ocean sensing. It follows the white paper presented at the OceanSensors08 workshop held at the Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde, Germany, from 31 March to 4 April 2008. The principles of electrochemical techniques are briefly recalled and described. For each technique, relevant electrochemical sensors are discussed; known successful deployments of electrochemical sensors are recalled; challenges experienced when taking sensors from the research lab to the field are raised; future trends in development and applications are proposed and assessed for their potential for oceanographic applications; where possible technological readiness levels are estimated. The document is supported with references drawn from both the electrochemical and oceanographic literature.
Key Questions
What are the principles of electrochemical techniques used in ocean sensing?
Electrochemical techniques involve measuring electrical signals that correspond to the concentration of chemical species. These methods are sensitive and can detect low concentrations of analytes in seawater.
How are electrochemical sensors applied in monitoring dissolved oxygen in oceans?
Electrochemical sensors, such as Clark-type electrodes, are used to measure dissolved oxygen levels. They operate by reducing oxygen at a cathode, producing a current proportional to the oxygen concentration.
What advancements have been made in electrochemical sensors for nutrient detection?
Recent developments include sensors capable of detecting nutrients like nitrate and phosphate. These sensors use ion-selective electrodes and voltammetric methods to provide real-time monitoring of nutrient levels.
What challenges exist in deploying electrochemical sensors in marine environments?
Challenges include biofouling, sensor calibration, and maintaining long-term stability in harsh ocean conditions. Addressing these issues is crucial for reliable data collection.
How do electrochemical sensors contribute to understanding ocean biogeochemical cycles?
By providing precise measurements of chemical species, electrochemical sensors help elucidate processes like primary production, respiration, and nutrient cycling, enhancing our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry.
