Patricija Banković Radovanović,
Patricija Banković Radovanović
Institution: Department of transfusion medicine, General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
Email:
Tanja Živković Mikulčić,
Tanja Živković Mikulčić
Institution: Department of transfusion medicine, General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
Email:
Jasmina Simović Medica
Jasmina Simović Medica
Institution: Department of transfusion medicine, General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
Email:
Rejection of the sample with repeated blood withdrawal is always an unwanted consequence of sample nonconformity and preanalytical errors,
especially in the most vulnerable population – children. Here is presented a case with unexpected abnormal coagulation test results in a 2-yearold
child with...
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Rejection of the sample with repeated blood withdrawal is always an unwanted consequence of sample nonconformity and preanalytical errors,
especially in the most vulnerable population – children. Here is presented a case with unexpected abnormal coagulation test results in a 2-yearold
child with no previously documented coagulation disorder. Child is planned for tympanostomy tubes removal under the anaesthesia driven
procedure, and preoperative coagulation tests revealed prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time,
with fibrinogen and antithrombin within reference intervals. From the anamnestic and clinical data, congenital coagulation disorder was excluded,
and with further investigation, sample mismatch, clot presence and accidental ingestion of oral anticoagulant, heparin contamination or vitamin K
deficiency were excluded too. Due to suspected EDTA carryover during blood sampling another sample was taken the same day and all tests were
performed again. The results for all tests were within reference intervals confirming EDTA effect on falsely prolongation of the coagulation times in
the first sample. This case can serve as alert to avoid unnecessary loss in terms of blood withdrawal repetitions and discomfort of the patients and
their relatives, tests repeating, prolonging medical procedures, and probably delaying diagnosis or proper medical treatment. It is the responsibility
of the laboratory specialists to continuously educate laboratory staff and other phlebotomists on the correct blood collection as well as on its importance
for the patient’s safety.
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1 hour ago
Antonija Hanžek,
Antonija Hanžek
Institution:
Email:
Christian Siatka,
Christian Siatka
Institution:
Email:
Anne-Cécile E. Duc
Anne-Cécile E. Duc
Institution:
Email:
6 hours ago
Valdas Banys,
Valdas Banys
Institution: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Email:
Goda Aleknavičiūtė-Valienė
Goda Aleknavičiūtė-Valienė
Institution: Center of Laboratory Medicine,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
Email:
Hepatic cirrhosis is a major health problem across the world, causing high morbidity and mortality. This disease has many etiologies, yet the result of chronic hepatic injury is hepatic fibrosis causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as the liver’s architecture is progressively destroyed....
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Hepatic cirrhosis is a major health problem across the world, causing high morbidity and mortality. This disease has many etiologies, yet the result of chronic hepatic injury is hepatic fibrosis causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as the liver’s architecture is progressively destroyed. While liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for fibrosis staging, it has significant disadvantages, leading to a growing interest in non-invasive markers. Direct biomarkers – hyaluronic acid, laminin, collagen type III N-peptide, type IV collagen and cholylglycine – are new and rarely applied in routine clinical practice. This is the case primarily because there is no general consensus regarding the clinical application and effectiveness of the individual biomarkers. The usage of these markers in routine clinical practice could be advantageous for patients with liver fibrosis, requiring a simple blood test instead of a biopsy. The former option would be especially attractive for patients who are contraindicated for the latter. This review summarizes recent findings on direct biomarkers of liver fibrosis and highlights their possible applications and potential benefit for liver fibrosis diagnostics and/or staging.
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6 hours ago
Bernhard Strasser,
Bernhard Strasser
Institution: Kepler University Hospital Linz, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Linz, Austria
Email:
Sebastian Strasser,
Sebastian Strasser
Institution: Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Email:
Josef Tomasits
Josef Tomasits
Institution: Kepler University Hospital Linz, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Linz, Austria
Email:
Creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are first-line laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of various renal diseases. In recent decades, cystatin C (cysC) has furthered the laboratory repertoire regarding renal status assessment and has been implemented in many clinical guideli...
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Creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are first-line laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of various renal diseases. In recent decades, cystatin C (cysC) has furthered the laboratory repertoire regarding renal status assessment and has been implemented in many clinical guidelines. Accordingly, with the establishment of cysC as a renal routine biomarker, further opportunities for assessing eGFR have been attained. Nevertheless, various limitations are still associated with cysC and creatinine analysis. Preanalytical errors could cause false results in both biomarkers. In our case, we were confronted with implausibly elevated creatinine levels due to preanalytical errors.
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6 hours ago
Murat Can,
Murat Can
Institution:
Email:
Berrak Guven,
Berrak Guven
Institution:
Email:
Ismail Benice
Ismail Benice
Institution:
Email:
Introduction
Blood samples having inappropriate volume are a substantial part of preanalytical errors. Inadequate sample volume for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test may be a common problem of patients with diabetes mellitus having vascular changes. In this study, we compared HbA1c concentrations o...
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Introduction
Blood samples having inappropriate volume are a substantial part of preanalytical errors. Inadequate sample volume for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test may be a common problem of patients with diabetes mellitus having vascular changes. In this study, we compared HbA1c concentrations of underfilled and appropriately filled blood collection tubes.
Materials and methods
To compare HbA1c concentrations, blood samples were collected into 2 mL tubes containing K3-EDTA from 109 subjects. Two blood samples (underfilled and appropriately filled) were drawn from a patient by the same personnel and materials. HbA1c measurements were assayed on a Cobas 6000 analyser module c 501 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). The HbA1c% results were compared by t-test and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank statistical methods (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Bias analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 4.0.
Results
Underfilled samples were classified three groups (group 1, N = 44; group 2, N = 36; and group 3, N = 29) according to the filling ratio of the samples; 0.5 mL and below (< 25%), 0.5-1.0 mL (25-50%), and 1.0-2.0 mL (> 50%), respectively. When we compared underfilled tubes with pairing filled tubes, there was a statistically significant difference only with tubes filled less than 25% (P = 0.030). Furthermore, we have done bias analysis between paired tubes according to the diagnostic cut-off value of 6.5%. The bias was more prominent in up to 50% underfilled blood tubes (1.1%), when HbA1c concentrations were below the diagnostic cut-off of 6.5%.
Conclusions
We suggest that the blood tubes with EDTA for HbA1c measurement should be filled with at least 50% to avoid clinical variations.
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14 hours ago
Joseph Watine
Joseph Watine
Institution: Laboratoire de biologie polyvalente, Hôpital général, Villefranche-de-Rouergue, France
Email:
In the August 2020 issue of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani proposed a definition of laboratory medicine, which ends with this sentence: “The results of these measurements are translated into actionable information for improving the care and/or maintain...
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In the August 2020 issue of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani proposed a definition of laboratory medicine, which ends with this sentence: “The results of these measurements are translated into actionable information for improving the care and/or maintaining the wellness of both a single individual and an entire population”. Nevertheless, the selfishness of individuals may, sometimes, jeopardize the interest of whole populations. The virtue of justice being within the reach of the entire human community more than of single individuals, the final sentence in the definition proposed by Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani, should therefore, in our view, be rewritten, less selfishly, for example like this: “For a given investment, these measurements are preferably made when they bring as much beneficence, and non-maleficence, as possible to the whole population”.
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1 day ago
Mariangela Palladino
Mariangela Palladino
Institution: Emergency Department, Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy
Email:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a scientific and social crisis. One of the main unmet needs for coronavirus disease 2019 is its unpredictable clinical course, which can rapidly change in an irreversible outcome. COVID-19 patients can be classified into mild, moderate, and sev...
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a scientific and social crisis. One of the main unmet needs for coronavirus disease 2019 is its unpredictable clinical course, which can rapidly change in an irreversible outcome. COVID-19 patients can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe. Several haematological parameters, such as platelets, white blood cell total count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, (together with neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio), and haemoglobin were described to be associated with COVID-19 infection and severity. The purpose of these review is to describe the current state of the art about complete blood count alterations during COVID-19 infection, and to summarize the crucial role of some haematological parameters during the course of the disease. Decreased platelet, lymphocyte, haemoglobin, eosinophil, and basophil count, increased neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio have been associated with COVID-19 infection and a worse clinical outcome. Our study adds some novelty about the identification of effective biomarkers of progressive disease, and might be helpful for diagnosis, prevention of complications, and effective therapy.
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1 day ago
Tamara Janković,
Tamara Janković
Institution:
Email:
Miroslava Janković
Miroslava Janković
Institution:
Email:
Highlights
• Biological fluids contain nano-sized particles called extracellular vesicles
• Extracellular vesicles properties reflect the physiological and pathological state of the parent cells
• Extracellular vesicles as analytes are suitable for use in liquid biopsy-based real-time diagn...
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Highlights
• Biological fluids contain nano-sized particles called extracellular vesicles
• Extracellular vesicles properties reflect the physiological and pathological state of the parent cells
• Extracellular vesicles as analytes are suitable for use in liquid biopsy-based real-time diagnostics
• Glycans, complex oligosaccharides, are distinct components of extracellular vesicles membrane and cargo
• Mapping extracellular vesicles glycans is of importance for finding new composite biomarkers
The investigation of biomarkers is constantly evolving. New molecules and molecular assemblies, such as soluble and particulate complexes, emerged as biomarkers from basic research and investigation of different proteomes, genomes, and glycomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and glycans, complex carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature. The composition and structure of both reflect physiological state of paternal cells and are strikingly changed in diseases. The EV-associated glycans, alone or in combination with soluble glycans in related biological fluids, used as analytes, aim to capture full complex biomarker picture, enabling its use in different clinical settings. Bringing together EVs and glycans can help to extract meaningful data from their extreme and distinct heterogeneities for use in the real-time diagnostics. The glycans on the surface of EVs could mark their subpopulations and establish the glycosignature, the solubilisation signature and molecular patterns. They all contribute to a new way of looking at and looking for composite biomarkers.
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2 days ago
Alen Vrtarić,
Alen Vrtarić
Institution:
Email:
Nora Nikolac Gabaj,
Nora Nikolac Gabaj
Institution:
Email:
Ivana Ćelap
Ivana Ćelap
Institution:
Email:
Introduction
Reliable and accurate measurement of blood glucose concentration is of crucial importance for making clinical decisions in diagnosis diabetes, gestational diabetes and impaired fasting glucose tolerance.
Materials and methods
Survey was performed in form of questionnaire. Questionn...
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Introduction
Reliable and accurate measurement of blood glucose concentration is of crucial importance for making clinical decisions in diagnosis diabetes, gestational diabetes and impaired fasting glucose tolerance.
Materials and methods
Survey was performed in form of questionnaire. Questionnaire was sent to all Croatian laboratories (N = 204) in electronic form using SurveyMonkey cloud-based software (SurveyMonkey, Inc., San Mateo, USA) as an extra-analytical module of the Croatian EQA (External Quality Assessment) provider Croatian center for external quality assessment (CROQALM) in June 2023.
Results
In total 148 (73%) of laboratories responded to the survey. Large proportion of laboratories never use glucose inhibitor tubes for random glucose measurement (more than half) or for glucose function tests (one quarter). Only three laboratories use recommended glycolysis inhibitor citrate. Many other inhibitors are also used, even if some of them are not recommended for plasma glucose measurement. Glucose is almost never (93%) sampled on ice when glucose inhibitor tube is not available.
Conclusions
Laboratories in Croatia do not follow the recommended procedures regarding glycolysis inhibitors for glucose determination.
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2 days ago
Mustapha Zendjabil
Mustapha Zendjabil
Institution: Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1 - Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algeria
Email:
Highlights
• Methods used for miRNAs expression profiling are quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, next generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR
• To obtain reproducible and accurate miRNAs expression profiling detection, it is crucial to strictly sta...
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Highlights
• Methods used for miRNAs expression profiling are quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, next generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR
• To obtain reproducible and accurate miRNAs expression profiling detection, it is crucial to strictly standardize the entire process, starting from choosing the specimen type until the normalization strategy on the interpretation of miRNAs expression profiling detection
•Due to the critical impact of the normalization strategy on the miRNAs expression, the choice of normalization agent is of great importance
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have emerged as a new category of biomarkers for many human diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. MicroRNAs can be detected in various body fluids including blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the literature contains conflicting results for circulating miRNAs, which is the main barrier to using miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers. This variability in results is largely due to differences between studies in sample processing methodology, miRNA quantification and result normalization. The purpose of this review is to describe the various preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical factors that can impact miRNA detection accuracy and to propose recommendations for the standardization of circulating miRNAs measurement.
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2 days ago