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Biomedical

The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths

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Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak,

Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak

Division of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland


Piotr Bąska

Piotr Bąska

Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland


  Peer Reviewed

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© attribution CC-BY

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Added on

2024-12-26

Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010420

Abstract

Helminths are multicellular parasites that are a substantial problem for both human and veterinary medicine. According to estimates, 1.5 billion people suffer from their infection, resulting in decreased life quality and burdens for healthcare systems. On the other hand, these infections may alleviate autoimmune diseases and allergy symptoms. The immune system is programmed to combat infections; nevertheless, its effector mechanisms may result in immunopathologies and exacerbate clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the role of the immune response against worms, with an emphasis on the Th2 response, which is a hallmark of helminth infections. We characterize non-immune cells (enteric tuft cells—ETCs) responsible for detecting parasites, as well as the role of hematopoietic-derived cells (macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells group 2—ILC2s, mast cells, T cells, and B cells) in initiating and sustaining the immune response, as well as the functions they play in granulomas. The aim of this paper is to review the existing knowledge regarding the immune response against helminths, to attempt to decipher the interactions between cells engaged in the response, and to indicate the gaps in the current knowledge.

Key Questions

What is the role of Th2 response in helminth infections?

The Th2 response is a hallmark of helminth infections, characterized by the activation of immune pathways that facilitate the expulsion of parasites and promote tissue repair.

Which non-immune cells are involved in detecting helminth parasites?

Enteric tuft cells (ETCs) are non-immune cells responsible for detecting helminth parasites and initiating immune responses.

What roles do hematopoietic-derived cells play in helminth infections?

Cells such as macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells group 2 (ILC2s), mast cells, T cells, and B cells are involved in initiating and sustaining immune responses against helminths, as well as contributing to granuloma formation.

Why is understanding the immune response to helminths important?

Comprehending the immune mechanisms against helminths is crucial for developing effective treatments and interventions for parasitic infections.

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ARTICLE USAGE


Article usage: Dec-2024 to Jun-2025
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2025 June 10 10
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2025 January 15 15
2024 December 5 5
Total 77 77
Show by month Manuscript Video Summary
2025 June 10 10
2025 May 21 21
2025 April 5 5
2025 March 9 9
2025 February 12 12
2025 January 15 15
2024 December 5 5
Total 77 77
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Primary care
Women and reproductive health
copyright icon

© attribution CC-BY

  • 0

rating
77 Views

Added on

2024-12-26

Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010420

Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
Genetics
Neuroscience
Psychology
Oncology
Medicine
Musculoskeletal science
Pediatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Primary care
Women and reproductive health

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