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Biomedical

Stroke in young adults, stroke types and risk factors: a case control study

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Priscilla Namaganda,

Priscilla Namaganda


Jane Nakibuuka,

Jane Nakibuuka


Mark Kaddumukasa,

Mark Kaddumukasa


Elly Katabira

Elly Katabira


  Peer Reviewed

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© attribution CC-BY

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425 Views

Added on

2024-11-10

Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02853-5

Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
Genetics
Neuroscience
Psychology
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Pathology
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Physiology
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Primary care
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Abstract

Abstract Background Stroke is the second leading cause of death above the age of 60 years, and the fifth leading cause in people aged 15 to 59 years old as reported by the World Health Organization global burden of diseases. Stroke in the young is particularly tragic because of the potential to create long-term disability, burden on the victims, their families, and the community at large. Despite this, there is limited data on stroke in young adults, and its risk factors in Uganda. Therefore, we determined the frequency and risk factors for stroke among young adults at Mulago hospital. Methods A case control study was conducted among patients presenting consecutively to the general medical wards with stroke during the study period September 2015 to March 2016. A brain Computerized Tomography scan was performed to confirm stroke and classify the stroke subtype. Controls were patients that presented to the surgical outpatient clinic with minor surgical conditions, matched for age and sex. Social demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were assessed for both cases and controls. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used to describe the social demographics of case and controls as well as the stroke types for cases. To determine risk factors for stroke, a conditional logistic regression, which accounts for matching (e.g., age and sex), was applied. Odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) was used as a measure for associations. Results Among 51 patients with stroke, 39(76.5%) had ischemic stroke and 12(23.5%) had hemorrhagic stroke. The mean age was 36.8 years (SD 7.4) for stroke patients (cases) and 36.8 years (SD 6.9) for controls. Female patients predominated in both groups 56.9% in cases and 52.9% in controls. Risk factors noted were HIV infection, OR 3.57 (95% CI 1.16–10.96), elevated waist to hip ratio, OR 11.59(95% CI 1.98–68.24) and sickle cell disease, OR 4.68 (95% CI 1.11–19.70). This study found a protective effect of oral contraceptive use for stroke OR 0.27 95% CI 0.08–0.87. There was no association between stroke and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion Among young adults with stroke, ischemic stroke predominated over hemorrhagic stroke. Risk factors for stroke were HIV infection, elevated waist to hip ratio and sickle cell disease.

Key Questions about Stroke in Young Adults in Uganda

The article "Stroke in young adults, stroke types and risk factors: a case control study" investigates the prevalence and risk factors associated with stroke among young adults in Uganda. The study found that ischemic stroke was more common than hemorrhagic stroke in this population. Identified risk factors included HIV infection, elevated waist-to-hip ratio, and sickle cell disease. Conversely, the use of oral contraceptives appeared to have a protective effect against stroke.

What is the prevalence of different types of stroke among young adults in Uganda?

The study found that among 51 young adult stroke patients, 39 (76.5%) had ischemic stroke, and 12 (23.5%) had hemorrhagic stroke.

What are the identified risk factors for stroke in this population?

The study identified the following risk factors for stroke among young adults in Uganda:

  • HIV Infection: An odds ratio (OR) of 3.57 (95% CI 1.16–10.96) indicates a significant association between HIV infection and increased stroke risk.
  • Elevated Waist-to-Hip Ratio: An OR of 11.59 (95% CI 1.98–68.24) suggests a strong association between a higher waist-to-hip ratio and increased stroke risk.
  • Sickle Cell Disease: An OR of 4.68 (95% CI 1.11–19.70) indicates a significant association between sickle cell disease and increased stroke risk.

Is there any protective factor against stroke identified in the study?

Yes, the study found that the use of oral contraceptives was associated with a protective effect against stroke, with an OR of 0.27 (95% CI 0.08–0.87).

Were hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia found to be associated with stroke in this study?

No, the study did not find any association between stroke and hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia among young adults in Uganda.

These findings highlight the importance of considering HIV status, body composition, and genetic factors like sickle cell disease when assessing stroke risk in young adults in Uganda. Additionally, the protective effect of oral contraceptive use suggests a need for further research to understand this association.

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ARTICLE USAGE


Article usage: Nov-2024 to Jun-2025
Show by month Manuscript Video Summary
2025 June 6 6
2025 May 113 113
2025 April 59 59
2025 March 69 69
2025 February 48 48
2025 January 45 45
2024 December 42 42
2024 November 43 43
Total 425 425
Show by month Manuscript Video Summary
2025 June 6 6
2025 May 113 113
2025 April 59 59
2025 March 69 69
2025 February 48 48
2025 January 45 45
2024 December 42 42
2024 November 43 43
Total 425 425
Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
Genetics
Neuroscience
Psychology
Oncology
Medicine
Musculoskeletal science
Pediatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Primary care
Women and reproductive health
copyright icon

© attribution CC-BY

  • 0

rating
425 Views

Added on

2024-11-10

Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02853-5

Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
Genetics
Neuroscience
Psychology
Oncology
Medicine
Musculoskeletal science
Pediatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Primary care
Women and reproductive health

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