Aurel George Mohan,
Aurel George Mohan
Institution: Department of Neurosurgery, Bihor County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania
Email: naurel@yahoo.com
Vicentiu Mircea Saceleanu,
Vicentiu Mircea Saceleanu
Institution: Neurosurgery Department, Sibiu County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
Email: ntiu.saceleanu@gmail.com
Razvan Adrian Covache-Busuioc,
Razvan Adrian Covache-Busuioc
Institution: General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Email: an_adrian69@yahoo.ro
Horia Petre Costin,
Horia Petre Costin
Institution: General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Email: acostin2001@yahoo.com
Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
Institution: Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Email: avciurea@gmail.com
Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Harz is regarded as a significant anatomist who helped the entire medical world to discover and develop new techniques in order to improve patient treatment as well as decrease death rates. He discovered fascia propria recti in 1899, which is important in tota...
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Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Harz is regarded as a significant anatomist who helped the entire medical world to discover and develop new techniques in order to improve patient treatment as well as decrease death rates. He discovered fascia propria recti in 1899, which is important in total mesorectal excision which improves cancer treatment as well as outcomes. He played an important role in developing the neuron theory which states that the nervous system consists of multiple individual cells, called neurons, which currently stands as the basis of the impulse transmission of neurons. Waldeyer was also interested in cytology, where he made a substantial contribution, being the first who adopted the name "Chromosome". Therefore, he accelerated the progress of what it is now known as Genetics. In conclusion, starting from the Fascia propria recti and continuing with great discoveries in cytology and neuron theory, Wilhelm von Waldeyer represents a key person in what we today call medicine.
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Posted 8 months ago
Jumana Alagil
Jumana Alagil
Institution: College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
Email: jumanaalagil@gmail.com
Root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars differs among individuals. With the aid of the latest dental technologies in endodontics, the present case report highlights the diagnostic tools required to confirm the morphology of the root canal, and the treatment of uncommon root anatomy of a singl...
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Root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars differs among individuals. With the aid of the latest dental technologies in endodontics, the present case report highlights the diagnostic tools required to confirm the morphology of the root canal, and the treatment of uncommon root anatomy of a single-canal single-rooted mandibular second molar. Clinicians should be aware of the various anatomic variations that each tooth may present in order to achieve a satisfactory result. Furthermore, in order to improve the quality of care delivered to their patients, practitioners must have the necessary knowledge and abilities to utilize the diagnostic and therapeutic instruments at their disposal.
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Posted 8 months ago
Moazzy I. Almansour
Moazzy I. Almansour
Institution: Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Email: mmoazzy@hotmail.com
Background
The study's goal was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess the root and root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal configurations in residents of the Hail district. The impact of gender and side on the frequency of root canal morphology was co...
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Background
The study's goal was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess the root and root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal configurations in residents of the Hail district. The impact of gender and side on the frequency of root canal morphology was considered.
Methods
The sample size for this study was 304 untreated mandibular second molars with completely developed roots on the right and left sides. Using CBCT on the teeth, the root form and canal morphology for each root are based on Vertucci's classification. The occurrence of canals in the shape of a C. The prevalence and resemblance of the left and right sides or men and females were investigated. The Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the findings.
Results
Of the 304 mandibular second molars studied, 286 teeth had two roots (94.1%), whilst 13 (4.3%) were C-shaped root canal systems. 77 molars (25.3%) had two canal orifices, 219 (72.0%) had three canal orifices, and six (2.0%) and one (0.3%) had four and five root canal orifices, respectively. Type IV was the most common for mesial root, accounting for 57.7% of the sample (n = 176). For distal root, the most common occurrence was type I, which occurred 282 times (96.60%). The most prevalent root canal morphology was the presence of two canals in the mesial root and one canal in the distal root of teeth with two distinct roots (variant 3). (69.4%). The overall prevalence of C-shaped root canal systems is (4.3%) (n = 13).
Conclusions
The patient's race is an undeniable factor that influences root canal anatomy. The root canal morphology of mandibular second molars revealed significant differences between Saudi subpopulations. The majority of mandibular second molars had two roots and three root canals. When treating these molars, the presence of a C-shaped root canal system must be taken into account.
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Posted 8 months ago
Pavel Kundrát
Pavel Kundrát
Institution: Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
Email: kundrat@ujf.cas.cz
This study aims to identify key anatomic features that govern the individual variability of lung doses from breast-cancer radiotherapy. 3D conformal, intensity-modulated and hybrid techniques with 50.4 Gy whole-breast dose were planned for 128 patients. From their CT images, 17 anatomic measures wer...
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This study aims to identify key anatomic features that govern the individual variability of lung doses from breast-cancer radiotherapy. 3D conformal, intensity-modulated and hybrid techniques with 50.4 Gy whole-breast dose were planned for 128 patients. From their CT images, 17 anatomic measures were assessed and tested as predictors for lung dose-volume characteristics. Tangential techniques yielded mean ipsilateral lung doses in the range of 3–11 Gy. This inter-patient variability was explained to almost 40% by central lung distance, and to almost 60% if this measure was complemented by midplane lung width and maximum heart distance. Also the variability in further dose-volume metrics such as volume fractions receiving 5, 20 or 40 Gy could be largely explained by the anatomy. Multi-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy reduced high-exposed lung volumes, but resulted in higher mean ipsilateral lung doses and larger low-dose burden. Contralateral lung doses ranged from 0.3 to 1 Gy. The results highlight that there are large differences in lung doses among breast-cancer patients. Most of this inter-individual variability can be explained by a few anatomic features. The results will be implemented in a dedicated software tool to provide personalized estimates of long-term health risks related to breast-cancer radiotherapy. The results may also be used to identify favourable as well as problematic anatomies, and serve as a quick quantitative benchmark for individual treatment plans.
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Posted 8 months ago
Florian Augustin
Florian Augustin
Institution: Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Email: florian.augustin@i-med.ac.at
The preperitoneal spaces relevant for incisional hernia repair and minimally invasive groin hernia repair are described in terms of surgical anatomy. Emphasis is put on the transversalis fascia and the urogenital fascia and its extensions, the vesicoumbilical fascia, and the spermatic sheath of Stop...
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The preperitoneal spaces relevant for incisional hernia repair and minimally invasive groin hernia repair are described in terms of surgical anatomy. Emphasis is put on the transversalis fascia and the urogenital fascia and its extensions, the vesicoumbilical fascia, and the spermatic sheath of Stoppa procedure. Steps in hernia surgery where these structures are relevant are reviewed.
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Posted 8 months ago
Nripendra Tiwari
Nripendra Tiwari
Institution: Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Duwakot, Bhaktapur, Nepal
Email: nriti2000@gmail.com
"Introduction: Cardiac coronary dominance plays a significant role in different clinical conditions and diseases of the heart. As the people of developing and developed nations are having global coronary artery diseases, it is mandatory to have knowledge of coronary artery diseases including cardiac...
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"Introduction: Cardiac coronary dominance plays a significant role in different clinical conditions and diseases of the heart. As the people of developing and developed nations are having global coronary artery diseases, it is mandatory to have knowledge of coronary artery diseases including cardiac coronary dominance. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of the right coronary artery dominance in cadaveric human hearts in a medical college.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all 52 preserved hearts as well as the heart isolated from cadavers obtained from the teaching hospital. The study was conducted from 24th June, 2020 to 24th December, 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2306202004). All cadaveric heart specimens were laelled with numbers and photographed for easy description of anatomical variation related to the coronary artery. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 52 undissected isolated cadaveric hearts, the right cardiac dominance was found in 42 (80.76%) (71.77-89.75 at 90%
Confidence Interval). The mean diameter of the right coronary artery was found to be 4.06±0.55 mm.
Conclusions: The prevalence of right cardiac dominance in isolated cadaveric hearts was similar to the studies done in a similar setting.
Keywords: cardiac; coronary arteries; dominance."
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Posted 8 months ago
Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
Nobuhisa Matsuhashi
Institution: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
Email: nobuhisa517@hotmail.com
Background Even if 3D angiographic images of preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) are created, the coronal and axial sections can be unclear, and thus, it is difficult to achieve projection awareness similar to that of actual laparoscopic images. In recent years, the technology of...
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Background Even if 3D angiographic images of preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) are created, the coronal and axial sections can be unclear, and thus, it is difficult to achieve projection awareness similar to that of actual laparoscopic images. In recent years, the technology of analyzing and applying medical images has advanced, and surgical simulation and navigation have been widely used to improve the safety of surgical operations. It is important to understand pelvic anatomy in the area of rectal cancer, and use of the SYNAPSE VINCENT makes it possible to simulate the anatomy before surgery, which is very useful in educating surgeons and their assistants.
Materials and methods An important objective in surgery is to understand the anatomy of the external/internal iliac arteries and lymph nodes in lateral lymph node dissection (LLD) for rectal cancer. In this study, we explored the accuracy and usefulness of SYNAPSE VINCENT images of pelvic anatomy (especially vascular anatomy) analyzed preoperatively in two cases of LLD for rectal cancer in our department.
Results The patients were two men aged 73 and 57 years, respectively. Both patients underwent robotic abdominal perineal resection and LLD with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The operating times for LLD were 138 and 106 min, estimated blood loss was less than 10 mL and 20 mL, and the harvested lymph nodes were nos. 21 and 22, respectively. The SYNAPSE VINCENT could be used for simulation and navigation before and during surgery. For experienced surgeons, the system helped them carry out operations more accurately.
Conclusion In the future, surgical support using virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality based on medical images will be useful and is expected to improve the safety, accuracy, and efficiency of surgery, which is extremely useful for both young and skilled surgeons preparing for difficult operations.
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Posted 8 months ago
Artur Pasternak
Artur Pasternak
Institution: Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Kopernika 12, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
Email: artur.pasternak@uj.edu.pl
The morphometry and morphology of the components of extrahepatic biliary tree show extensive variations. A beforehand recognition of these variations is very crucial to prevent unintended complications while performing surgeries in this region. This study was conducted to analyze the configuration o...
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The morphometry and morphology of the components of extrahepatic biliary tree show extensive variations. A beforehand recognition of these variations is very crucial to prevent unintended complications while performing surgeries in this region. This study was conducted to analyze the configuration of the extrahepatic biliary tree and its possible variations, as well as measure the components that limit the cystohepatic triangle. Articles were searched in major online indexed databases (Medline and PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) using relevant key words. A total of 73 articles matched the search criteria of which 55 articles were identified for data extraction. The length of left and right hepatic duct in majority of studies was found to be >10 mm. A wide range of diameters of hepatic ducts were observed between 5-43 mm. The average length of cystic duct is around 20 mm. The length and diameter of the common bile duct are 50-150 mm and 3-9 mm respectively. The most frequently observed pattern of insertion of cystic duct into common hepatic duct is right lateral, rarely anterior, or posterior spiral insertion can present. The results of this study will provide a standard reference range which instead will help to differentiate the normal and pathological conditions.
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Posted 8 months ago
Karl Waked
Karl Waked
Institution: University Hospital Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
Email: karl.waked@icloud.com
"Background: The arterial anatomy of the face is extremely variable. Despite numerous cadaver dissections and anatomical descriptions, the exact location of the superficial facial arteries remains unpredictable. This ignorance is a determining factor in the pathophysiology of intravascular filler in...
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"Background: The arterial anatomy of the face is extremely variable. Despite numerous cadaver dissections and anatomical descriptions, the exact location of the superficial facial arteries remains unpredictable. This ignorance is a determining factor in the pathophysiology of intravascular filler injections, potentially causing skin necrosis and blindness.
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of an augmented reality (AR) application that visualizes the individual arterial anatomy of the face.
Methods: A workflow was developed during which a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) mapped the superficial arteries of the face. The images were further processed into an AR image that was visualized on the patient's face using a specifically designed smartphone application. The accuracy of the AR image and the position of each individual artery were analyzed using duplex ultrasound (US).
Results: A total of 216 facial arteries were visualized in 20 patients. The superficial temporal (100%), supratrochlear (92.5%), facial (75%), and angular (82.5%) arteries were visualized the most. The inferior labial (17.5%), dorsal nasal (22.5%), and supraorbital (42.5%) arteries were the most difficult to visualize through MRA. The average deviation between the artery visible on the AR image and the location assessed by US was 0.30 mm (standard deviation = +/- 0.66 mm). There were no complications reported.
Conclusions: The combination of a risk-free MRA to map the individual arteries of the face and the processing into an AR image may be considered as a useful and accurate tool during dermal filler injections to potentially minimize the risk of intravascular filler injections."
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Posted 8 months ago
Marco Sarigu,
Marco Sarigu
Institution: Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Email: igu@unica.it
Diego Sabato,
Diego Sabato
Institution: Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografía i Historia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Email: osabato@libero.it
Giovanna Bosi,
Giovanna Bosi
Institution: Laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
Email: anna.bosi@unimore.it
Salvador Torres,
Salvador Torres
Institution: Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, Bairro Costa e Silva, 572, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
Email: rres@ufersa.edu.br
Mariano Ucchesu,
Mariano Ucchesu
Institution: Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution (ISEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Montpellier, UMR 5554, CEDEX 05, 34095 Montpellier, France
Email: ano.ucchesu@umontpellier.fr
Maria Loi,
Maria Loi
Institution: Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Email: c@unica.it
Oscar Grillo,
Oscar Grillo
Institution: Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Email: r.grillo.mail@gmail.com
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Institution: Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi, 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Email: het@unica.it
The discovery of several waterlogged plant remains in a Middle Ages context (1330-1360 AD) in Sassari (NS, Sardinia, Italy) enabled the characterisation of archaeological plum fruit stones and watermelon and grape seeds through computer image analysis. Digital seed/endocarp images were acquired by a...
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The discovery of several waterlogged plant remains in a Middle Ages context (1330-1360 AD) in Sassari (NS, Sardinia, Italy) enabled the characterisation of archaeological plum fruit stones and watermelon and grape seeds through computer image analysis. Digital seed/endocarp images were acquired by a flatbed scanner and processed and analysed by applying computerised image analysis techniques. The morphometric data were statistically elaborated using stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA), allowing comparisons among archaeological remains, wild populations and autochthonous cultivars. Archaeological samples of plum were compared with 21 autochthonous cultivars of Prunus domestica from Sardinia, while archaeological watermelon seeds were compared with 36 seed lots of Citrullus from Europe, Africa and Asia. Moreover, archaeological grape seeds were compared with 51 autochthonous traditional cultivars of Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera from Sardinia, 16 cultivars from Tuscany, six cultivars from Liguria, and eight cultivars from Catalonia (Spain). Archaeological plum remains showed morphological affinity with five cultivars of Sardinia. Seed features of the archaeological watermelon remains demonstrated affiliation with a proper sweet dessert watermelon, Citrullus lanatus, and similarity with some Sardinian cultivars. Regarding the archaeological remains of grape, morphometric comparisons showed a high similarity with autochthonous cultivars from Catalonia and Liguria. This study provides new information about ancient fruit cultivated and consumed during the Middle Ages in Sardinia.
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Posted 9 months ago