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Biomedical

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines in Association with Phenotypic and Grain Qualitative Traits Using SSR Genotyping

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Rumit Patel,

Rumit Patel

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Juned Memon,

Juned Memon

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Sushil Kumar,

Sushil Kumar

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Dipak A. Patel,

Dipak A. Patel

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Amar A. Sakure,

Amar A. Sakure

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Manish B. Patel,

Manish B. Patel

Main Maize Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Godhra 389001, India


Arna Das,

Arna Das

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Chikkappa G. Karjagi,

Chikkappa G. Karjagi

ICAR—Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India


Swati Patel,

Swati Patel

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, India


Ujjaval Patel,

Ujjaval Patel

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India


Rajib Roychowdhury

Rajib Roychowdhury

Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel


  Peer Reviewed

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© attribution CC-BY

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2024-11-03

Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060823

Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
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Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal and is affected by climate change. Therefore, the production of climate-smart maize is urgently needed by preserving diverse genetic backgrounds through the exploration of their genetic diversity. To achieve this, 96 maize inbred lines were used to screen for phenotypic yield-associated traits and grain quality parameters. These traits were studied across two different environments (Anand and Godhra) and polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and trait-linked association. Genotype–environment interaction (GEI) reveals that most of the phenotypic traits were governed by the genotype itself across the environments, except for plant and ear height, which largely interact with the environment. The genotypic correlation was found to be positive and significant among protein, lysine and tryptophan content. Similarly, yield-attributing traits like ear girth, kernel rows ear−1, kernels row−1 and number of kernels ear−1 were strongly correlated to each other. Pair-wise genetic distance ranged from 0.0983 (1820194/T1 and 1820192/4-20) to 0.7377 (IGI-1101 and 1820168/T1). The SSRs can discriminate the maize population into three distinct groups and shortlisted two genotypes (IGI-1101 and 1820168/T1) as highly diverse lines. Out of the studied 136 SSRs, 61 were polymorphic to amplify a total of 131 alleles (2–3 per loci) with 0.46 average gene diversity. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.24 (umc1578) to 0.58 (umc2252). Similarly, population structure analysis revealed three distinct groups with 19.79% admixture among the genotypes. Genome-wide scanning through a mixed linear model identifies the stable association of the markers umc2038, umc2050 and umc2296 with protein, umc2296 and umc2252 with tryptophan, and umc1535 and umc1303 with total soluble sugar. The obtained maize lines and SSRs can be utilized in future maize breeding programs in relation to other trait characterizations, developments, and subsequent molecular breeding performances for trait introgression into elite genotypes.

Key Questions about Maize Genetic Diversity and Population Structure

The article "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines in Association with Phenotypic and Grain Qualitative Traits Using SSR Genotyping" investigates the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 maize inbred lines. The study employs simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to analyze phenotypic traits and grain quality parameters across two environments, Anand and Godhra. The findings reveal that most phenotypic traits are primarily governed by genotype, with the exception of plant and ear height, which exhibit significant genotype-environment interactions. This research underscores the importance of preserving diverse genetic backgrounds to develop climate-resilient maize varieties.

1. What methods were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure in maize inbred lines?

The study utilized simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure among 96 maize inbred lines. SSR markers are effective tools for detecting genetic variation due to their high polymorphism and co-dominant inheritance.

2. How do genotype and environment interact to influence phenotypic traits in maize?

The research found that most phenotypic traits are predominantly controlled by genotype. However, plant and ear height exhibited significant genotype-environment interactions, indicating that environmental factors can influence the expression of these traits.

3. What is the significance of preserving diverse genetic backgrounds in maize breeding?

Maintaining diverse genetic backgrounds is crucial for developing climate-resilient maize varieties. The study highlights the need for genetic conservation to ensure the adaptability and sustainability of maize production in the face of climate change.

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Article usage: Nov-2024 to May-2025
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2024 December 45 45
2024 November 68 68
Total 527 527
Show by month Manuscript Video Summary
2025 May 123 123
2025 April 71 71
2025 March 56 56
2025 February 58 58
2025 January 106 106
2024 December 45 45
2024 November 68 68
Total 527 527
Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
Genetics
Neuroscience
Psychology
Oncology
Medicine
Musculoskeletal science
Pediatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Primary care
Women and reproductive health
copyright icon

© attribution CC-BY

  • 0

rating
527 Views

Added on

2024-11-03

Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060823

Related Subjects
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Epidemiology
Genetics
Neuroscience
Psychology
Oncology
Medicine
Musculoskeletal science
Pediatrics
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychiatry
Primary care
Women and reproductive health

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