Research Infinity - Search Results

Biomedical

The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths

Helminths are multicellular parasites that are a substantial problem for both human and veterinary medicine. According to estimates, 1.5 billion people suffer from their infection, resulting in decreased life quality and burdens for healthcare systems. On the other hand, these infections may alleviate autoimmune diseases and allergy symptoms. The immune system is programmed to combat infections; n...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Synthesis of Bisoxazole and Bromo-substituted Aryloxazoles

Herein, we report a bisoxazole derivative as well as a bromo-substituted oxazole derivatives via a simple approach. The synthesis begins with an inexpensive and readily available starting material, such as 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, hydroquinone, and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC). This approach relies on the Van Leusen oxazole method and electrophilic aromatic bromination. The struct...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Adipocyte-Endothelium Crosstalk in Obesity

Obesity is characterized by pathological adipose tissue (AT) expansion. While healthy AT expansion enhances systemic insulin sensitivity, unhealthy AT expansion through increased adipocyte size is associated with insulin resistance, fibrosis, hypoxia, and reduced adipose-derived adiponectin secretion. The mechanisms causing the unhealthy AT expansion are not fully elucidated; yet, dysregulated cro...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

DHEAS and Human Development: An Evolutionary Perspective

Adrenarche, the post-natal rise of DHEA and DHEAS, is unique to humans and the African Apes. Recent findings have linked DHEA in humans to the development of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDPFC) between the ages of 4–8 years and the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) from 7 to 12 years of age. Given the association of the LDLPFC with the 5-to-8 transition and the rTPJ with mentaliz...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Inflammatory Signaling and Brown Fat Activity

Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue mediated by the secretion of a range of inflammatory cytokines. In comparison to WAT, relatively little is known about the inflammatory status of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in physiology and pathophysiology. Because BAT and brown/beige adipocytes are specialized in energy expenditure they have protective roles against ob...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Current and Potential Therapies Targeting Inflammation in NASH

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. Inflammation plays a key role in the progression of NASH and can be provoked by intrahepatic (e.g., lipotoxicity, immune responses, oxidative stress and cell death) and extrahepatic sources (adipose tissue...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Model-based manoeuvre analysis: a path to a new paradigm in aircraft flight dynamics

We propose a closed-form system of nonlinear equations for the pitch plane or longitudinal motions of a fixed-wing aircraft and use it to demonstrate a possible path to the unification of theoretical flight dynamics and practical analysis of aircraft manoeuvres. The derivation of an explicit model free of data tables and interpolated functions is enabled by our use of empirical formulae for lift a...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Air traffic inefficiencies and predictability evaluation using route mapping—the Tokyo International Airport case

Air traffic inefficiencies lead to excess fuel burn, emissions and air traffic controller (ATCo) workload. Various stakeholders have developed metrics to assess the operation performance. Most metrics compare the actual trajectories to some benchmark ones to calculate excess time or distance. This research is inspired by cellular automata (CA) and develops a combined time-distance lateral ineffici...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Balancing predictability and flexibility through operation volume-constrained visual flight rule operations in low altitude airspaces

The advancement in uncrewed aircraft systems such as small drones and advanced air mobility vehicles such as Electric Vertical Take Off and Landing aircraft (eVTOL) has called for airspace integration at low altitudes of both traditional aircraft, such as helicopters and new entrants, such as drones and eVTOL. Currently, the trajectories and necessary buffers around them of flights operating under...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Aging, adaptation and maladaptation

Aging is accompanied by a dysregulation of adaptive processes. On the one hand, physiological adaptation mechanisms such as learning and memory, immune system plasticity and exercise-dependent muscle remodeling are blunted. On the other hand, several maladaptive processes increase with age including cancer, pathological cardiovascular remodeling and metabolic dysregulation. With increasing age the...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

An integrative approach to dementia care

As the aging population continues to increase, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are becoming a global health crisis. The burdens experienced by the person living with dementia, their caregivers, healthcare, and society persist unabated. Persons with dementia represent an important population in need of a tenable care plan. Caregivers need the tools with which to properly care for these ...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Aging Effects on Epicardial Adipose Tissue

Epicardial fat is the visceral fat of the heart. Epicardial fat is a white adipose tissue, but it displays also brown-fat like or beige fat features. Under physiological conditions, epicardial fat has cardioprotective functions such as free fatty acids supply and thermoregulation of the adjacent myocardium. Epicardial adipose tissue encounters changes in the transition from embryological to childh...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Advancing longevity research through decentralized science

In an era marked by scientific stagnation, Decentralized Science (DeSci) challenges the inefficiencies of traditional funding and publishing systems. DeSci employs blockchain technology to address the misalignment of incentives in academic research, emphasizing transparency, rapid funding, and open-source principles. Centralized institutions have been linked to a deceleration of progress, which is...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

IFN-Aging: Coupling Aging With Interferon Response

Chronic inflammation affects many diseases and conditions, including aging. Interferons are a part of the immune defense against viral infections. Paradoxically, various aging tissues and organs from mammalian hosts perpetually accumulate changes brought by interferon pathway activation. Herein, we connote the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and discuss its implications in age-related pathology....
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Carbonic anhydrase production by Pseudomonas fragi

Carbonic anhydrase is an important enzyme that can play a significant role in the processes of lowering carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. The aim of the work was to investigate the extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) production by the bacteria Pseudomonas fragi. In the research, we focused on the evaluation of the phase of bacterial growth correlated with carbonic anhydra...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

MtDNA deletions and aging

Aging is the major risk factor in most of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, yet its fundamental causes mostly remain unclear. One of the clear hallmarks of aging is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are best known for their roles in cellular energy generation, but they are also critical biosynthetic and signaling organelles. They also undergo multiple changes with organismal...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

The Challenge of Unlocking the Biological Secrets of Aging

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Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Mother’s Curse effects on lifespan and aging

The Mother’s Curse hypothesis posits that mothers curse their sons with harmful mitochondria, because maternal mitochondrial inheritance makes selection blind to mitochondrial mutations that harm only males. As a result, mitochondrial function may be evolutionarily optimized for females. This is an attractive explanation for ubiquitous sex differences in lifespan and aging, given the pre...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Cell autocloning as a pathway to their real rejuvenation

The article gives a brief description of geroprotection and rejuvenation methods known to date, presenting their main mechanisms and limitations. To overcome the main limitations of the process of rejuvenation, it is possible to use a process called “cell autocloning.” The principle of the proposed method of rejuvenation is as follows: a periodic process of autocloning of the cell nucleus is i...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Modeling Neurological Diseases With Human Brain Organoids

The complexity and delicacy of human brain make it challenging to recapitulate its development, function and disorders. Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a new tool to model both normal and pathological human brain, and greatly enhance our ability to study brain biology and diseases. Currently, human brain organoids are increasingly used in modeling n...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Retromer in Synaptic Function and Pathology

The retromer complex mediates export of select transmembrane proteins from endosomestothetrans-Golgi network (TGN) or to the plasma membrane. Dysfunction of retromer has been linked with slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD). As these disorders affect synapses it is of key importance to clarify the function of retromer...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Optical Quantal Analysis

Understanding the mechanisms by which long-term synaptic plasticity is expressed remains an important objective in neuroscience. From a physiological perspective, the strength of a synapse can be considered a consequence of several parameters including the probability that a presynaptic action potential (AP) evokes the release of neurotransmitter, the mean number of quanta of transmitt...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Synaptic plasticity through a naturalistic lens

From the myriad of studies on neuronal plasticity, investigating its underlying molecular mechanisms up to its behavioral relevance, a very complex landscape has emerged. Recent efforts have been achieved toward more naturalistic investigations as an attempt to better capture the synaptic plasticity underpinning of learning and memory, which has been fostered by the development of in vivo electrop...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Microglia Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights From Single-Cell Technologies

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in brain immunity, development, and homeostasis. The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) triggers activation of microglia. Microglia express many AD risk genes, suggesting that their response to AD pathology can affect disease progression. Microglia have long been considered a homogenous cell population. ...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

A Quantitative Perspective of Alpha-Synuclein Dynamics – Why Numbers Matter

The function of synapses depends on spatially and temporally controlled molecular interactions between synaptic components that can be described in terms of copy numbers, binding affinities, and diffusion properties. To understand the functional role of a given synaptic protein, it is therefore crucial to quantitatively characterise its biophysical behaviour in its native cellular environment. Sin...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Psychedelics as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or any other dementia subtype. The renaissance in psychedelic research in recent years, in particular studies involving psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), coupled with anecdotal reports of cognitive benefits from micro-dosing, suggests that they may have a therapeutic role in a range of psy...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

(M)Unc13s in Active Zone Diversity: A Drosophila Perspective

The so-called active zones at pre-synaptic terminals are the ultimate filtering devices, which couple between action potential frequency and shape, and the information transferred to the post-synaptic neurons, finally tuning behaviors. Within active zones, the release of the synaptic vesicle operates from specialized “release sites.” The (M)Unc13 class of proteins is meant to define release si...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Room for Two: The Synaptophysin/Synaptobrevin Complex

Synaptic vesicle release is regulated by upwards of 30 proteins at the fusion complex alone, but disruptions in any one of these components can have devastating consequences for neuronal communication. Aberrant molecular responses to calcium signaling at the pre-synaptic terminal dramatically affect vesicle trafficking, docking, fusion, and release. At the organismal level, this is reflected in di...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Metaplasticity framework for cross-modal synaptic plasticity in adults

Sensory loss leads to widespread adaptation of neural circuits to mediate cross-modal plasticity, which allows the organism to better utilize the remaining senses to guide behavior. While cross-modal interactions are often thought to engage multisensory areas, cross-modal plasticity is often prominently observed at the level of the primary sensory cortices. One dramatic example is from functional ...
Posted 7 months ago

Biomedical

Population Dynamics and Long-Term Trajectory of Dendritic Spines

This article investigates the formation and elimination of dendritic spines—small protrusions on neurons that facilitate synaptic connections. The authors employ a mathematical model based on the Ricker population model, commonly used in ecology to describe population dynamics. This model incorporates "immigration" through filopodia-type transient spines, suggesting that these transient s...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Mean-ETL Optimization in HorseRace Competition

This article explores the application of a new portfolio optimization approach called Mean-ETL (Mean-Expected Tail Loss). This method combines traditional mean return and the risk measure of expected tail loss to create more balanced portfolios that account for both returns and risks, particularly in the context of financial markets. The study demonstrates the practical implementation of Mean-E...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Kernel-Based Analysis of Massive Data

Dealing with massive data is a challenging task for machine learning. An important aspect of machine learning is function approximation. In the context of massive data, some of the commonly used tools for this purpose are sparsity, divide-and-conquer, and distributed learning. In this paper, we develop a very general theory of approximation by networks, which we have called eignets, to achieve loc...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Using Machine Learning to Analyze Merger Activity

An unprecedented amount of access to data, “big data (or high dimensional data),” cloud computing, and innovative technology have increased applications of artificial intelligence in finance and numerous other industries. Machine learning is used in process automation, security, underwriting and credit scoring, algorithmic trading and robo-advisory. In fact, machine learning AI applications ar...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

On physics-informed neural networks for quantum computers

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) emerged as a powerful tool for solving scientific computing problems, ranging from the solution of Partial Differential Equations to data assimilation tasks. One of the advantages of using PINN is to leverage the usage of Machine Learning computational frameworks relying on the combined usage of CPUs and co-processors, such as accelerators, to achiev...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Three little arbitrage theorems

The authors proved three theorems about the exact solutions of a generalized or interacting Black–Scholes equation that explicitly includes arbitrage bubbles. These arbitrage bubbles can be characterized by an arbitrage number AN. The first theorem states that if AN = 0, then the solution at maturity of the interacting equation is identical to the solution of the free Black–Scholes equation wi...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

CPD-Structured Multivariate Polynomial Optimization

We introduce the Tensor-Based Multivariate Optimization (TeMPO) framework for use in nonlinear optimization problems commonly encountered in signal processing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Within our framework, we model nonlinear relations by a multivariate polynomial that can be represented by low-rank symmetric tensors (multi-indexed arrays), making a compromise between model g...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

A Tree-Based Multiscale Regression Method

The article "A Tree-Based Multiscale Regression Method" by Haiyan Cai and Qingtang Jiang introduces a novel regression technique designed to effectively handle high-dimensional data. This method adapts to the intrinsic lower-dimensional structure of the data, mitigating the challenges posed by the "curse of dimensionality." It also offers smoother estimates in regions where the regression funct...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Regression with Ordered Predictors via Ordinal Smoothing Splines

The article "Regression with Ordered Predictors via Ordinal Smoothing Splines" by Nathaniel E. Helwig addresses the challenges of incorporating ordered categorical predictors into regression models. Traditional regression frameworks often treat ordinal predictors as either nominal (unordered) or continuous variables, which can be theoretically and computationally undesirable. This study propose...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Inverse problem for semilinear wave equation with strong damping

The initial-boundary and the inverse coefficient problems for the semilinear hyperbolic equation with strong damping are considered in this study. The conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions in Sobolev spaces to these problems have been established. The inverse problem involves determining the unknown time-dependent parameter in the right-hand side function of the equation using a...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

On sustainable land rent

Introduction

This paper introduces the concept of Sustainable Land Rent (SLR), providing a comprehensive, multidimensional exploration anchored in the dynamics of its origin, separability, mobility, valuation, and the imperative for equitable distribution. SLR capitalizes on the economic mobility of land’s value to enhance community welfare a...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Sustainable consumption, resonance, and care

Consumption is a key issue for more sustainable development. In our quest to understand the role of care for more sustainable consumption, we make use of the concept of resonance. Resonance assists in explaining the role of care for more sustainable consumption, emphasizing the relationships people have with the world. Through resonance, we add to debates on sustainable consumption that focus on t...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Sufficiency and the state: A prospective project

Sufficiency as a social organizing principle can be applied to individuals, organizations, and economies. But if the encompassing social structure, namely, the state, is still organized around expansionist principles like efficiency and growth, the outcome will be the same—excess, the exceeding of regenerative capacities biophysical and social, local to global. A prospective project of effecting...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

A Thermodynamic Measure of Sustainability

A novel thermodynamic approach to the quantification of the “degree of sustainability” is proposed and discussed. The method includes a rigorous -and innovative- conversion procedure of the so-called externalities that leads to their expression in terms of the exergy of their equivalent primary resources consumption. Such a thermodynamic approach suggests a detailed re-evaluation of the concep...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Doctrines for occupational health and safety

The balance between structure and handling uncertainty through mindfulness remains a riddle in occupational health and safety. In a similar vein, the relationship between strategy, business models, management control, and its influence on actual practice is still poorly understood. Hence, the notion of doctrines is here suggested as a new way of talking about these tensions, as a middle-way betwee...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Forgotten dust: following plasterboard for non-destructive circular economies

The exploitative and unsustainable life of the construction material plasterboard requires more sustainable economies. In this article I examine the disposal of plasterboard as an experimental case for discussing a type of non-destructive circularity. A non-destructive circular model is one way to open imaginaries for more sustainable activities of construction. My focus is on end-of-life plasterb...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Equity Within Ecological Limits: Grand Challenge for Sustainable Consumption

The article "Equity Within Ecological Limits: Grand Challenge for Sustainable Consumption" by Sylvia Lorek discusses the critical need to balance sustainable consumption with social equity. It emphasizes that achieving sustainability requires not only reducing environmental impacts but also ensuring that consumption patterns are equitable across different societal groups. The author argues that...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

The Invisible Barrier to Safe Textile Recycling

Presence of certain chemical additives (e.g. halogenated flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, and phthalates) could hinder textile recycling operations as their presence renders end-of-life materials as “hazardous” and therefore not recyclable;• In 2018, there was an estimated minimum of 1.7 million tonnes of hazardous and unrecyclable textile waste generated in the EU;• Blanket-ba...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Is sustainable certification's ability to combat greenwashing trustworthy?

Key Answers

Can sustainability certifications help reduce greenwashing?

The paper suggests that while certifications can enhance eco-friendly brand perception, they are not foolproof and may inadvertently enable greenwashing if not properl...
Posted 7 months ago

Physics Maths Engineering

Shaping a Communitarian Ethos in an Era of Ecological Crisis

In response to the deep social and ecological crisis for which the international community is proving incapable of attenuating, many Peasants and Indigenous peoples in Mexico, and in other parts of the Global South, are transforming their visions of their futures, shaping a new ethos of self-management and conviviality, consistent with a responsible relationship to their territories. From the vant...
Posted 7 months ago

Humanities and Arts

The Status of Souls as Hupokeimena in Aristotle

Key Questions

What is Aristotle’s view on the soul’s role in perception and thought?

Aristotle sees the soul as a foundational form that enables bodily perception and thought but does not itself perform mental activities.

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Key Answers

Can sustainability certifications help reduce greenwashing?

Key Questions

What is Aristotle’s view on the soul’s role in perception and thought?

How does Aristotle's concept of hupokeimenon relate to the ... Posted 7 months ago

How does Aristotle's concept of hupokeimenon relate to the ...
Posted 7 months ago